Monday, September 8, 2014

Hollyhocks: Diseases Of & Cures From

This stained glass window of hollyhocks was designed by John La Farge in 1881. They are the single flower type. (La Farge's younger rival was Louis Comfort Tiffany.)


I was looking into the history of the hollyhock diseases and found

myself looking at a list of possibilities generated by Google Books

 that contained recipes for hollyhock medications! 

So,  on to the cures!  This first one seems to use it as a sort of

Play-doh to contain an interesting variety of herbs and spices.

above from The practice of medicine on Thomsonian principlescontaining a biographical sketch of Dr. Thomson ... with practical directions for administering the Thomsonian medicines ... with a materia medica adapted to the work by John W. Comfort, 1850 


And now the diseases.
This 1883 article starts to give a history of the rust disease.

The hollyhock disease, Puccinia Malcacearum Mont., which was originally noticed in Chili, has in recent years spread over Europe, and its progress has been more carefully watched by botanists than that of any other plant disease, the potato-rot and grape-mildew perhaps excepted.

 But while the two diseases last named extended to Europe by way of North America, the hollyhock disease, apparently, was conveyed directly from South America to Europe, and did not pass through the United States. The only reference to the existence of the hollyhock fungus in this country is in the catalogue of Pacific coast fungi by Harkness and Moore, where it is said to have been found on Malta, near San Francisco. 

A fungus related to the hollyhock fungus has been observed on species of Malcastrum in the Western States and California. It was first seen by Mr. D. Cleveland, near San Diego, in 1875, and has been seen several times since. By some the fungus on Malcastrum has been considered distinct, and even those who have considered it a variety of P. Malcacearwin have regarded it as distinctly unlike the form found on hollyhocks.

 When in California I examined with care the different  Malvaceae,— to which order the hollyhock belongs,— to see whether the true hollyhock fungus did not occur in that State. During a visit to the garden of Mrs. Elwood Cooper, near Santa Barbara, I found the hollyhock covered with a Puccinia, and in a canyon near the garden I also found a few leaves of Malea borealis L., on which was the same fungus. I at first supposed that what I had found was the hollyhock disease of Europe and South America, but closer examination and a careful comparison with European specimens showed that the form found at Santa Barbara was not the European form, but, on the contrary, precisely the form already known oc Malcastrum in this country. This is to me rather surprising, for if the fungus on Malcastrum is only a variety of the hollyhock fungus, when the disease appears on hollyhocks in this country, it should appear in its typical .form; and, on the other hand, if the Malcastrum fungus is really a distinct species, then the hollyhock disease of Europe is not the hollyhock disease of this Country, although both are caused by nearly related Puecinue of the sub-genus Leptopuccinia. A detailed account of the differences recognized in the two forms mentioned is only of interest to mycologists, and a discussion of the subject will come up more appropriately in another connection. In case of the fungus in question, one should consider the possibility that it may attack the cotton-plant at some future date, although Cesati states that Pueeinia Maleaeearum has not attacked the cotton in Italy. As far as our own cotton is concerned, danger is rather to be apprehended from Puccinia heterospora B. & C, which in its different forms is widely distributed on different Malvaceae in the Southern States.

 above from The Botanical Gazette, Volumes 8-10, University of Chicago, 1883 

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