Hollyhocks: Diseases Of & Cures From

This stained glass window of hollyhocks was designed by John La Farge in 1881. They are the single flower type. (La Farge's younger rival was Louis Comfort Tiffany.)

I was looking into the history of the hollyhock diseases and found

myself looking at a list of possibilities generated by Google Books

 that contained recipes for hollyhock medications! 

So,  on to the cures!  This first one seems to use it as a sort of

Play-doh to contain an interesting variety of herbs and spices.

above from The practice of medicine on Thomsonian principles: containing a biographical sketch of Dr. Thomson ... with practical directions for administering the Thomsonian medicines ... with a materia medica adapted to the work by John W. Comfort, 1850 

And now the diseases.
This 1883 article starts to give a history of the rust disease.

The hollyhock disease, Puccinia Malcacearum Mont., which was originally noticed in Chili, has in recent years spread over Europe, and its progress has been more carefully watched by botanists than that of any other plant disease, the potato-rot and grape-mildew perhaps excepted.

 But while the two diseases last named extended to Europe by way of North America, the hollyhock disease, apparently, was conveyed directly from South America to Europe, and did not pass through the United States. The only reference to the existence of the hollyhock fungus in this country is in the catalogue of Pacific coast fungi by Harkness and Moore, where it is said to have been found on Malta, near San Francisco. 

A fungus related to the hollyhock fungus has been observed on species of Malcastrum in the Western States and California. It was first seen by Mr. D. Cleveland, near San Diego, in 1875, and has been seen several times since. By some the fungus on Malcastrum has been considered distinct, and even those who have considered it a variety of P. Malcacearwin have regarded it as distinctly unlike the form found on hollyhocks.

 When in California I examined with care the different  Malvaceae,— to which order the hollyhock belongs,— to see whether the true hollyhock fungus did not occur in that State. During a visit to the garden of Mrs. Elwood Cooper, near Santa Barbara, I found the hollyhock covered with a Puccinia, and in a canyon near the garden I also found a few leaves of Malea borealis L., on which was the same fungus. I at first supposed that what I had found was the hollyhock disease of Europe and South America, but closer examination and a careful comparison with European specimens showed that the form found at Santa Barbara was not the European form, but, on the contrary, precisely the form already known oc Malcastrum in this country. This is to me rather surprising, for if the fungus on Malcastrum is only a variety of the hollyhock fungus, when the disease appears on hollyhocks in this country, it should appear in its typical .form; and, on the other hand, if the Malcastrum fungus is really a distinct species, then the hollyhock disease of Europe is not the hollyhock disease of this Country, although both are caused by nearly related Puecinue of the sub-genus Leptopuccinia. A detailed account of the differences recognized in the two forms mentioned is only of interest to mycologists, and a discussion of the subject will come up more appropriately in another connection. In case of the fungus in question, one should consider the possibility that it may attack the cotton-plant at some future date, although Cesati states that Pueeinia Maleaeearum has not attacked the cotton in Italy. As far as our own cotton is concerned, danger is rather to be apprehended from Puccinia heterospora B. & C, which in its different forms is widely distributed on different Malvaceae in the Southern States.

 above from The Botanical Gazette, Volumes 8-10, University of Chicago, 1883 

Steel on Rust, or Where Have All the Flowers Gone?

 This rather grotesque 1887 catalog cover from one of the most recognized names in seeds so repels me for some reason I thought about not showing it to you.  Instead, I will leave it small.

Back to hollyhocks...  Why, after there were so many varieties in the early 1800s, was Burpee only offering one?

I suspect it was the rust.  We'll have to see.  The article from Great Britain  below gives insight into the disruption caused by rust.

It really is sad, and pathetic!

FEW if any subject just now is meriting so much public attention as that which heads this article. It is interesting to review the gradual progress of the revival and improvement of the Hollyhock. 

About forty-five years ago the first selection of improved and named varieties were introduced to the public by the late William Chacer of The Nurseries, Saffron Walden. There were very few growers of the Hollyhock at that time. Mr. Charles Barron, also of Saffron Walden, had a passion for the flower, and by following a course of culture dictated by his own observation and experience originated those flowers which laid the foundation for other cultivators to work upon. From 1846 to 1874, a period of nearly thirty years, the Hollyhock advanced by leaps and bounds until it reached the ideal of perfection, when, unfortunately, the darkest cloud in its history appeared in the form of a parasitic fungus known to mycologists by the name Puccinia malvacearum. 

In some places the attacks of this fungus were so severe and its ravages so great that the cultivation of Hollyhocks was abandoned altogether, and for a period of nearly fifteen years the plant has been practically lost to cultivation. There has been, however, a little knot of enthusiasts who have stood faithfully by the Hollyhock during the term of its eclipse, and now that it is emerging from the darkness they are more enthusiastic than ever. These men have not spent all their time in nursing their favourite flower. They have been equally busy in raising new and improved varieties, and although many of the grand old sorts have been destroyed these later introductions are equally fitted to fill their place; indeed, some of those raised in the north are a great advance on anything we have ever seen. But no sooner are we raising the Hollyhock to its former popular position than we find others ready to throw cold water on the work.

Of all the florists' flowers we are acquainted with the Hollyhock is perhaps the most abused, and I am sorry to record the fact that trade growers seem to be the least aware of it. They do not seem to take any trouble in their selection. Quantity, not quality, is the ideal. This has led to a great confusion of the sorts in cultivation, the majority of which are of no use for exhibition, although sent out with a wonderful recommendation. It is with the object of raising the Hollyhock to a higher position, and representing it in its true character, that I have taken in hand an election of varieties; and it is not without much trouble that I am able to place before the readers of this Journal a revised list of the bast exhibition Hollyhocks now in cultivation. I have admitted nothing but what can be authenticated by the raiser's name, and for the cordial assistance I have received in getting this information I avail myself of this opportunity of tendering my warmest thanks.

In the returns and lists before me I have over 400 varieties of named Hollyhocks, a fact which I daresay will astonish most of the growers at the present day, as very few indeed seem to grow more than three dozen varieties which are considered by them admissible for exhibition. There will be undoubtedly a few more good sorts in cultivation which I am not yet acquainted with. These will be admitted as soon as they have been proved here. The majority of Hollyhocks enumerated in trade lists and sent out at the present time are a disgrace to the trade. Where or by whom they have been raised it will be difficult to know, as so many of them are also under wrong names. It is, however, interesting to notice so many of the fine varieties raised by the late Mr. Chater still to the front. How these have been preserved it is difficult to say, while those of equally true quality, raised by such noted growers as Messrs. Paul, Pearson, Bircham, Bragg, Boake, Downie & Co., and others have been lost. We have, however, two or three of Downie & Co.'s still in cultivation, notably F. G. Dougall, one of the very best where the true variety is to be had. To place the varieties enumerated ia this list in order of merit would be invidious on my part. I have therefore placed them in position according to the number of votes received ; some of the new varieties will undoubtedly take a higher place when more largely distributed.

Grace Darling, which heads the list, is first favourite in nearly all the returns, followed closely by Bobert Byle, another grand flower, with every good property. John Finlay, sent out last year, is already a great favourite, and a decided acquisition. Lord Dacies, a seedling from Sanspareil, is ofequally fine form and distinct in colour. Maggie Bain is a magnificent variety, a colour by itself, so to speak, of a most pleasing shade. Of pure whites we have no advance on Alba Superba, and for a bright yellow we have seen nothing to equal Queen of the Yellows or Golden Drop. The same may be said of F. G. Dougall as a purple ; we have as yet nothing to take its place. Cheer is a fine variety and distinct in colour, a leading characteristic in all Mr. Thompson's seedlings. Indeed, the first three dozen at least are all of the finest quality. To preserve these and raise new and improved varieties is a work which I hope will be taken up by many who have hitherto been led to look upon the Hollyhock as a thing of the past.

Seedling raising is undoubtedly one of the greatest pleasures in floriculture. The daily hope of the unfolding of some inestimable gem is always stronger than the constantly recurring disappointment as some fair bud of more than average promise slowly reveals its fault. 

The Hollyhock, like many other florists' flowers, is a plant that has been taken into high and special cultivation, because of the tendency it exhibits to vary from the seed in form, colour, size, and habit; and although it is often asserted that the flowers represent themselves true from seed I have never been able to verify this assertion. Some trade growers raise a quantity of their stock from seed, believing that both colour and form will be retained. This has undoubtedly led to so many varieties being under wrong names. List year, for instance, I had seedlings from Purple Prince not one having any resemblance to the parent; the majority were pure white, blush, &c. I merely mention this to show what variety may be expected from the thoughtful selection by cultivators out of the countless types and offers of variety constantly afforded. The Hollyhock has gradually become endowed with nearly every delicate shade and point of beauty which it does so richly possess. It may appear ungrateful to assert that in connection with colour the florist's requirements are as yet far from being satisfied. 

It is true that, taken in the aggregate, flowers present us with every colour and shade of colour which can be found in nature; but are there not some amongst us who would fain discern each and every of these lovely tints exemplified in each and every species of flower? So much has already been achieved by industry that we must not fix a limit to the results of zeal, patience, and perseverance.

The nearest approach to scarlet shows at once how much a Hollyhock of that colour would be prized. Seed saved from flowers of the most advanced properties fertilised with pollen from flowers possessing such characteristics as we desire to develop or perpetuate is sure to throw out soma novelty. I would impress upon all, especially amateurs, the necessity of saving their own seed. The best flowers are invariably saved from home-saved seed. Flowers produced from foreign seed are very coarse and thin as a rule. It is from gardeners and amateurs that we have got the finest flowers in recent years, and to them we must, I am afraid, be still indebted, for very few trade growers indeed seem to take an interest in theHollyhock, at least with the view of improving the flower.

The disease no doubt frightens many from investing in the work, but we now have this pest so much in hand that plants are grown comparatively free from fungus. Because the fungus still exists, and probably ever will exist to a certain extent, it is no worse than any other fungoid pests which florists have to contend with. Nor does it attack the plants in the same virulent manner as it did when first introduced. Soot is valuable; quicklime is also a great enemy to all the fungus tribe; and when the ground is thoroughly dressed with these it will kill any spores of fungus that may be resting in the ground; and where plants are treated as advised in a recent issue of the Journal I think there will be no fear of success.—Geo. Steel, F.E.H.S., Heatherslaw,Cornhill-on-Tweed.

 The chart below followed this article in the 1891 Journal of Horticulture and Practical Gardening, Volume 22

Later in the same magazine was this article.  George Finlat was undaunted by rust!

EXHIBITION HOLLYHOCKS.

All growers and lovers of this grand plant, the Hollyhock, must feel a deep debt of gratitude to Mr. G. Steel for the great trouble he has voluntarily taken upon himself in trying, and I hope with success, to clear up a subject which is of vital importance to all persons interested in the exhibition of Hollyhock blooms—viz., a determination to have none but the true variety the purchaser asks for. I have repeatedly seen purchasers served with plants under the name required, but when the plants unfolded their flowers the greatest disappointment ensued, as they turned out to be worthless varieties. I suggest that vendors as well as buyers try and put a stop to this not very commendable practice, as it would do away with much uncertainty and vexation. I have often heard it said, and I have also read, that the Hollyhock has deteriorated of late years. I have had letters from all parts of England, Scotland, and Wales asking me the same questions. My answers to all have been the same—-viz., " No ; not at all," as many of the older varieties are still to the fore. I would like to ask the veteran growers which were their best varieties, and see if some of us do not possess the true sorts.

I have been familiar with the Hollyhock for at least twenty-five years, and I can truly say if memory serves me rightly that I have grown and shown better Hollyhock blooms for the last eight or ten years than I remember having seen twenty years ago. If any of your readers saw the display of cut blooms at the Newcastle-uponTyne autumn Show in 1887, better known as the Jubilee Exhibition, when twelve stands of twenty-four were staged for competition, they must, I think, admit there has not been much deterioration. I consider only the first and second-prize collections were good, my own and Mr. A. Rogeraon's respectively. After those two stands the quality of the blooms gradually dwindled down to specimens about as large as G lobe A sters. Take again the Newcastle autumn Show of 1889 ; there were not quite so many competitors, but the blooms were decidedly better than in 1887. I believe Mr. Jas. Douglas judged the cut flowers in both years. What has he to say respecting them? It has been a greater difficulty to procure really good sorts than it has been to cope with the disease.

It may appear somewhat egotistical on my part to relate in these columns my own success as a Hollyhock exhibitor, but why I do so is that it may be an incentive to others. I have exhibited during the last ten years all over the country, including the Crystal Palace, Newcastle, and Alnwick, and many other places about ninety-four standsof blooms, and my record is ninety-one first prizes, two seconds, and one third. It will thus be seen I ought at least to know something ofgood exhibition sorts.

I will now give a few remarks about Mr. Steel's list. I may state, as he does, that some far down the list will before long take a higher position ; for instance, W. E. Gladstone and Mr. Fenwick will, I presume, nearly head the list when distributed. Mr. Steel has Grace Darling at the top, which position it has great claim to, but my opinion is that Queen of the Yellows in perfection is the finest variety in cultivation. Peri is the only white I know worth growing.

In conclusion, I will name what I consider the best twelve sorts—viz., 

Grace Darling, 

Queen of Yellows, 

Robert Ryle, 

William Ewart Gladstone, 

John Finlay, 

Maggie Bain, 

Mrs. Maynard, 

Favourite, 

Ruby Queen, 

Agnes Ryle, 

Peri, and 

Le Grande. 

To add to this another twelve I would say have F. G. Dougall, Lord Decies, Leviathan, Hercules, Venus, Mrs. Codling, Pride of Layton, Walden Queen, Conquest, Majestic. Thomas Fenwick, and Champion. These, if true to name and well grown, would almost be unsurpassable on the exhibition table. I urge upon exhibitors not to strive so much for a large collection, but to form only a well chosen selection. The same applies to all other kinds of florists' flowers besides Hollyhocks. It is better to grow several plants of one variety than so many of a worthless or inferior type. Those who would like to grow Hollyhocks must not be deterred by the fungus, for by careful management this can be kept at bay. Cut the plants down as soon as they have finished flowering in the autumn, the earlier the better, cover them with light soil about 2 inches deep ; they will soon be seen to push through the soil fresh and clear of disease. I may in a future note have something to say about my mode of cultivation. — George Finlat, East Layton Ball Gardens, Darlington.

Hollyhocks - 1872 and 1941

Library of Congress image - Hollyhocks. Vincennes, Indiana, July 1941

This James Vick catalog from 1872 only offers one variety, a double.

The copy is also very amusing compared to modern catalog descriptions and comments.

The following Vick's Floral Guide from 1875 speaks highly of the hollyhock, however.

Hollyhocks and Long Sentences

It seems seedsman B. K. Bliss has a more casual attitude towards hollyhocks!  The contents of his packet of the Extra Fine Mix leaves me a little doubtful.

The enthusiastic hollyhock article from 1852 at the bottom of this post is amusing...if you like hollyhocks and long sentences!

 I was trying to find reference to Chinese hollyhocks when this article from 1852 in The Scottish Gardener: A Magazine of Horticulture and Floriculture, Volume 1, turned up.  It is a pretty good read! (The length of the second sentence is noteworthy.  I have broken up the text into paragraphs for eye ease whenever the dude ended a sentence  - almost.)

THE HOLLYHOCK

BY MR DANIEL MACKINTOSH, PARKHILL GARDENS.

The cultivation of this magnificent eastern plant, is of considerable antiquity in this country. Its majestic spikes of brilliant flowers could not fail to attract the attention of our earliest collectors of exotic plants; and although we cannot state the precise period when the Hollyhock was first introduced, we can with certainty trace it for several centuries back, and have every reason for believing that it existed in this country before the time assigned to it by those laboriously compiled works on plants, the Hortus Kewensis, and Loudoun's Encyclopaedia of Plants, both of which works assign its introduction into this country from China to the year 1573, although another work (Dr Turner's) published nine years earlier, says that the Hollyhock was sown and grown in many gardens in England ; and Miller also (another author) mentions that he got seeds of the Hollyhock from Istria, which produced large single red flowers, and he adds—" but the seeds I got from Madras produced double flowers of many colours;" and there is mention made of the Hollyhock in various works up to the present day.

The French botanists consider this plant to be a native of Syria, but we have every reason to believe that it grows naturally in various eastern portions of our globe, particularly in China, from whence seeds of the tall and dwarf Hollyhocks have frequently been brought into this country.

Certainly there are but very few plants that contribute so much to the embellishment of our pleasure grounds and gardens as this ; whether you plant it in the sun or in the shade, against the back of a wall or along the side of a hedge, in clumps and masse, or in single and detached specimens, this gorgeous gem of Flora is equally an ornament worthy of admiration—it stretches forth its pyramids of floral banners, as if calling for a general muster of the great family of the goddess—bidding defiance to every noxious weed or intruding plant that dares encroach on its confines. 

Being thus vigorous, easily multiplied, and of such dazzling beauty, it is indeed a wonder that we do not see many thousands more of them along our avenues and approaches, our shrubberies and flower gardens, presenting, as they do, a gay appearance for many months, and that at little expense of trouble to the cultivator; indeed, it will yield to no other flower in the brilliancy of its colours and the variety of its shades.

Suppose you were to plant a half circle, doing this according to their colours and shades. Commence with a pure white—you will find sufficient shades of pink, rose, crimson, lilac, on to a perfect black in the centre —and can descend down the other side, through all the various shades of browns, buffs, oranges, to the brightest yellows. 

I recollect once assisting to plant a straight line of considerable length after this manner in 1833, under the direction of a respected horticulturist, the late Mr Smith of Hopetoun, all of which were quite double, although not to be compared with our Queens and Princes, our Gems and Comets of the present day. Still they had a very imposing effect, and a line or group thus once formed or planted, is not like other gaudy flowers, cut clown at the slightest approach of winter. It will continue to give for many years its succession of floral beauties, with only at most a slight covering round their roots on the approach of winter, if of good rotten manure, so much the better—the extra vigour and brilliancy of the following year's bloom will amply reward you for any extra trouble they may have cost you—and if, during the growing season, they are watered freely with liquid manure and rain, pond, or other water, which has been exposed to the atmosphere, it will very materially add to the size and perfection of the flowers.

Horticultural and floricultural societies have wonderfully improved this flower of late years, by offering prizes for the most perfect and best grown specimens of both spikes, and single or detached blooms. For the purpose of Exhibition, however, you must bestow very considerable care, in the selection of your varieties, and particularly to their future culture—therefore, your first consideration ought to be, a proper situation and soil to grow and bloom them in—without this care, the finest varieties are comparatively thrown away. 

I find the Hollyhock in this neighbourhood,  gives the largest and finest blooms in a situation open to the south or south-east, and sheltered from the violence of the westerly gales. If the soil be not deep and very rich, deep trenching must not be neglected, (which is best done in autumn), with a plentiful supply of well decomposed manure, pointed in at separate times during winter. This operation will not only mix your manure more thoroughly with the soil, but the frequent turning necessary for this operation, will also be the means of exposing a greater quantity of your newly turned up soil to the action of the weather, thereby pulverizing and sweetening the surface strata for the reception of your plants in spring—although autumn is considered by many people as the proper season for planting. 

If your plants are strong and healthy and the ground in order, plant as early as you can, reserving a duplicate of any fine variety in pots all the winter—it is also advisable to lay round those planted out, a covering of dung, rotten leaves, or such like, as the neck of the plants is veVy apt to be injured with hard frosts. I have, however, had as fine blooms from plants turned out in spring without the risk of loosing a fine variety, and with the advantage of having the soil more thoroughly operated upon

In keeping Hollyhock plants during the winter in pots under cover, it is most advantageous to have them in as healthy and hardy a condition as possible, and about the beginning of March, turn them out into their blooming situation, in rows against a wall or open border, to be trained to poles, which should be put in before the plants are planted, to prevent any of the roots being destroyed afterwards. It is advantageous to give the plants a slight watering as soon as planted, and in dry weather to give liquid manure and water freely, which will cause them to send up a most vigorous stem (if more than one remove it) which should be properly secured as they advance in growth—thinning off their buds to ons-half or perhaps one-third of their original number is also very essential, performing the operation at several times, so as not to check the plants too suddenly. 

After all this labour and care, your high expectations may be fearfully disappointed by one of your leading varieties opening its first blooms as single as ever any of its original progenitors could have been—to the no small chagrin of some honest nurseryman or florist. To such as may thus be disappointed, I would say, if true to colour, it may yet be true to flower. Nurse on your plant, divest it of nearly all its flower buds, your plant may from an over-excitement, with a view to propagation, or other accidental cause, have its constitutional energies so weakened as to require a seasons nursing to bring it back to health and vigour, essential to producing its natural fine blooms. As the competition day draws nigh, shading and a plentiful supply of water are indispensable to bring your flowers up to the standard rules for judging the Hollyhock.

Falkirk, January, 1852.

This has nothing to do with hollyhocks.  But it is very cool.  It was created to connect the Forth and Clyde Canal with the Union Canal, opening in 2002. The canals had been unconnected since 1930. The series of 11 locks that served barge traffic before the 30s had fallen into disrepair. 

Impressions of Hollyhocks

American Impressionists liked hollyhocks.  Hollyhocks lend themselves nicely to dabs and daubs.

Childe Hassam did them proud.

Celia Thaxter, the pensive lady to the left, lived on Appledore and hosted artists, writers and painters.

Nice links:

- very nice; About Celia Thaxter's Island Garden
They recommend another blog that is their garden intern, Erica Anderson, as she blogs from Appledore this summer! Island Gardener 2014

If you have the chance to visit the Isle of Shoals, off Portsmouth, New Hampshire, you hopefully will experience this amazing light that Hassam has captured in the following painting.  While you will not get to Appledore Island, you can do a day visit to an island within sight!  It is wonderful.

If you are interested in the Portsmouth and the  Isle of Shoals
 you will like the Yankee Magazine blog about it.

1857 - Hollyhocks in Prince's Select Catalogue

These hollyhock names are charming in their plainness or pretension.


"30 Splendid New Varieties"

Hollyhocks and the Gentleman of Prado

The following article is from The Magazine of Horticulture, Botany, and All Useful Discoveries and Improvements in Rural Affairs, Volume 16; 1850

I wouldn't have featured it except the list of named varieties from the talented hands of the gentleman from Prado is so much fun to say and savor!!

_________

If I were not afraid of advancing a horticultural heresy, I should say that many amateurs prefer Hollyhocks to Dahlias. 

The Hollyhocks of Belgium and Germany had a great celebrity long before they appeared among us. The collections of the Prince of Salm Dyck, and of M. Van Houtte, of Ghent, have been much admired. In other places varieties have been obtained with leaves more or less lobed, more or less entire, more or less palmate, all with flowers large, full, or colored differently from those of other plants, being sometimes of a more or less dark mahogany color, at others of a delicate tint, and varying from the purest white to the darkest glossy black.

 Some progress has also been made in the cultivation of those plants by ourselves. Since 1830 M. Pelissier, Jun., a gentleman of Prado, has cultivated Hollyhocks, and from the seeds of a pink variety has succeeded in obtaining plants with flowers of a delicate rose color, and which, in consequence of the extreme delicacy of their tints, and regularity of form, may serve both to encourage perseverance and as a good type for seed. In the following year, from the seeds of pink flowers, he obtained a beautiful, brilliant, clean, sulphur-colored specimen, perfect in every respect. It is from the seeds of those two plants that he has obtained all the other beautiful and remarkable varieties which he now possesses, after a lapse of ten years from his first attempts. 

As a general rule, M. Pelissier prefers flowers with six exterior petals, with entire edges, well open, well set out, of a middling size, of a pure, clean, brilliant color, and forming a perfect Anemone. Seeds sown in the spring and in unwatered ground, never flower till the second year. 
Experience has shown that if the seeds are sown in September, and in earth which is kept fresh, flowers may be obtained in June or July following, which are in no way inferior to those of spring-sown seeds. 

M. Pelissier follows the following plan of procedure. The seeds, which are taken as soon as they are ripe, from good specimens, are sown in September, in a border a foot and a half deep, and composed of good coarsely sifted garden earth, mixed with well worked soil. The seeds, if they are covered lightly with leaf-mould, and the soil is kept fresh, begin to swell at the end of a week; they require little care till spring, as they are not hurt by frost.  In the spring the ground must be repricked, occasionally hoed and frequently watered. As the flowers expand, M. Pelissier removes whatever is not conformable to the type he has chosen, or is not of a marked color, and like a perfect Anemone. 

It is by doing this every year that he has obtained 20 remarkable varieties, the names and characteristics of which have been kindly furnished by him, and are given below.

 1. Souvenir de Malmaison, delicate rose, flower very full; perfection. 

2. Geant de Batailles, red, flower very full. 

3. Vestale, fine pure white, flower very full. 

4. Anais, rose, flower very full; perfection. 

5. Chromatella, dark yellow, flower very full. 

6. Jeune Euphemie, clear red, flower beautiful, full; perfection. 

7. Heine Victoria, cinnamon colored, shaded, flower very full. 

8. Grand Peking, nankeen-colored, flower very full . 

9. Amarante, dark red, flower very full . 

10. Isabelle, dark red, flower very full . 

11. Grand Colbert, dork rose, streaked, flower full, very perfect 

12. Marie Gabrielle, fleshy white, flower full; beautiful. 

13. Matilde, clear cherry, flower very full. 

14. Solfaterre, very clear yellow, flower very full. 

15. Boule de Neige, beautiful white, flower well rounded, full . 

16. Ophirie, yellow with a tint of pink, flower very full. 

17. Arlequin, clear, approaching to dark violet, spotted with white. 

18. Desprez, white, middle yellow. 

19. Proserpine, very dark red, flower very ful1 . 

20. Pluton, black, flower very full.

The Magazine of Horticulture, Botany, and All Useful Discoveries 

and Improvements in Rural Affairs, Volume 16; 1850